CASTOR / ERAND / Ricinus communis USES

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CASTOR / ERAND / Ricinus communis

Botanical Name : Ricinus communis


INDIA is the world's single largest producer of castor seed.

Family : Euphorbiaceae

Synonyms

Ricinus communis var. aegyptiaceus (Popova) Moshkin, Ricinus communis var. africanus Müll.Arg., Ricinus communis subsp. africanus (Mill.) Nyman, Ricinus communis var. amblyocalyx Müll.Arg., Ricinus communis var. americanus Mull.Arg., Ricinus communis f. atratus T.Carvalho.

Regional Names :

English : Castor Oil Plant, Hindi : Erand, Rendee, Andeo, Sanskrit : Gandharva-Hasta, Panchangul, Vatari, Urdu : Erand, Punjabi : Erand, Assamese : Erri, Bengali : Bherenda, Gujrati : Erando, Kannada : Harlu, Malayalam : Abanakka, Avanakku, Marathi : Eramd, Eramdee, Oriya : Bheranda, Tamil : Amanakku, Telugu : Amudamu, Amudmuchetu.

Parts Used :

Castor roots, Castor Oil
Description
Erand is probably native to North East tropical Africa, globally distributed in the Pantropics and is also widely cultivated throughout. Within India, it is found wild in scrub forests of the outer Himalayas, it has been cultivated through the ages in Africa and India, now it is found almost throughout India up to an altitude of 2000 m. Erand is a tall glabrous shrub or almost small tree, 2-4 m high. It seeds are oblong, one face convex and the other slightly flattened, 1-1.5 cm long, 0.6-0.9 cm wide, 0.4-0.8 cm thick, testa hard, glossy, smooth, grey or brown to reddish brown or black and may be variously marbled or striped, raphe extends from the caruncle to chalaza; odour, not distinct; taste, weakly acrid.

Phytoconstituents

Erand mainly contains Fixed Oil, Ricinine, quercetin 3-O-b-rutinoside (rutin). The Erand oil consists of ricinoleic acid, dihydroxystearic, linoleic, oleic, stearic acids and b-sitosterol. The seeds contain  lipase, amylase, invertase, maltase, endotrypsin, glycolic acid, oxidase, ribonuclease, and a fat-soluble zymogen. 

Medicinal Uses

  • For constipation :
    Castor oil is also beneficial as a laxative - when taken orally, ricinoleic acid gets released in the intestine and then it starts functioning as a laxative. The heat created by castor oil initiates action by helping the process of digestion and cleansing the system by helping in proper bowel movement. 
  • Lowers symptoms of arthritis : From ancient times castor oil is used as a natural treatment for arthritis pain, inflammation and joint pain. Castor oil has natural anti-inflammatory properties that makes it an ideal massage oil that can be applied on aching muscles and joints. You can try massaging the affected area with castor oil followed by hot water pack. If you follow this practice for a week you will feel the pain getting reduced in sometime. 
  • To increase immunity : For those who follow naturopathy, castor oil strengthens the immune system by increasing white blood cells and thus fights infections. It is also proven that castor oil increases the count of T-11 cells (a type of white blood cells) and the production of lymphocytes in the blood within hours of application. This initiates the body to produce more antibodies as well as to kill viruses, fungi, bacteria
  • Heals dry, irritated, sun-burnt or acne-prone skin : Want to get rid of acne forever? Here is the solution, use castor oil. The ricinoleic acid found in castor oil makes it a great natural home remedy for fighting acne. It penetrates deep into the skin and fights bacteria overgrowth that can clog pores. It softens and hydrates irritated skin at the same time. It also works to solve deeper issues causing breakouts, like an unhealthy balance of bacteria within the gut and hormonal imbalances. 
  • To get rid of moles and cysts : Applying castor oil with a pinch of baking soda on the infected area is known to give the desired result. In fact, topical application of castor oil also solves the problem of cysts and corns by dissolving them. It is also said that castor oil helps dissolve cysts in the ovary as the fatty acid in castor oil is easily absorbed by the skin. 
  • Boosts circulation : Immunity and proper blood flow go hand in hand. If your lymphatic system does not work, you will become chronically ill. The circulatory system is crucial to keep us alive by bringing oxygen to our cells. Castor oil has been shown to help in blood flow.  
  • To induce labour: A lot of pregnant women at full term are orally given castor oil, as it induces labour by pushing uterus contraction, according to gynaecologists. The ricinoleic acid in the oil activates EP3 prostanoid receptor in uterus, thus helping in delivery. However, it is not recommended in a lot of cases, as it makes the woman feel nauseous. 
  • It is used in internal medicine for  worm infestation, rheumatism, intestinal inflammation and also for birth control. 
  • The Erand oil is used for external application to relieve furuncles, boils, muscle aches, back ache, headaches, stomach ache, menstrual cramps, vaginal and urinary infections, gall bladder pain, joint pains, inflammation of the middle ear, inflammatory skin disorders. 
  • The roots are used for relieving liver disorders.


COMMERCIAL PURPOSES OF CASH CROP CASTOR /Ricinus communis in the International markets :

It is used in industries for the manufacture of paints, soap, make-ups, varnishes, adhesives, lubricants etc. Castor oil is also used for the production of castor oil derivatives which again are valued chemicals used for industrial application.

Interesting facts about the castor crop:
  • In India, it is mainly grown as a kharif crop in major producing states such as Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan and Karnataka.
  • India is the biggest exporter of castor oil, accounting 70 percent of the total international market, followed by China and Brazil.
  • Rajkot, Ahmadabad, Mehsana, Deesa, Jedcherla and Yemignoor are the major physical castor markets in India.
  • Among all, Gujarat is the key growing state followed by Andhra Pradesh and Rajasthan.
  • Castor seeds are sown in July-August and the arrivals happen from December till the end of March.
  • Along with India, China, Brazil, Russia, Ethiopia and the Philippines are the major producers of castor which account for 88 percent of the total world production.
  • In India, it is mainly grown as a kharif crop in major producing states such as Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan and Karnataka.
  • India is the biggest exporter of castor oil, accounting 70 percent of the total international market, followed by China and Brazil.
  • Rajkot, Ahmadabad, Mehsana, Deesa, Jedcherla and Yemignoor are the major physical castor markets in India.
  • Among all, Gujarat is the key growing state followed by Andhra Pradesh and Rajasthan.
  • Castor seeds are sown in July-August and the arrivals happen from December till the end of March.
  • Along with India,Brazil, Russia, Ethiopia and the Philippines are the major producers of castor which account for 88 percent of the total world production. These are some interesting facts of cash crop Castor/Ricinus communis.

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